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At Pickwick Pugs, we believe strongly in the importance of genetic health testing. The results of these tests are posted on the pugs' individual websites. We are raising money to be able to register all of our results with the OFA which will help the Pug breed at large with stats for research and future generations of breeders. Your donation, even a small one, will help in our efforts. We, and the future of the pug breed, thank you for your support!
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Donate to our Health Test Fund
$5.00
At Pickwick Pugs, we believe strongly in the importance of genetic health testing. The results of these tests are posted on the pugs' individual websites. We are raising $ to be able to register all of our results with the OFA which will help the Pug breed at large with stats for research and future generations of breeders. Your donation, even a small one, will help in our efforts. We, and the future of the pug breed, thank you for your support! Donate to our Health Test Fund - Pickwick Pugs
Donate to our Health Test Fund
$10.00
At Pickwick Pugs, we believe strongly in the importance of genetic health testing. The results of these tests are posted on the pugs' individual websites. We are raising $ to be able to register all of our results with the OFA which will help the Pug breed at large with stats for research and future generations of breeders. Your donation, even a small one, will help in our efforts. We, and the future of the pug breed, thank you for your support!
Donate to our Health Test Fund
$25.00
At Pickwick Pugs, we believe strongly in the importance of genetic health testing. The results of these tests are posted on the pugs' individual websites. We are raising $ to be able to register all of our results with the OFA which will help the Pug breed at large with stats for research and future generations of breeders. Your donation, even a small one, will help in our efforts. We, and the future of the pug breed, thank you for your support!
Donate to our Health Test Fund
$50.00
At Pickwick Pugs, we believe strongly in the importance of genetic health testing. The results of these tests are posted on the pugs' individual websites. We are raising $ to be able to register all of our results with the OFA which will help the Pug breed at large with stats for research and future generations of breeders. Your donation, even a small one, will help in our efforts. We, and the future of the pug breed, thank you for your support!
Donate to our Health Test Fund
$100.00
At Pickwick Pugs, we believe strongly in the importance of genetic health testing. The results of these tests are posted on the pugs' individual websites. We are raising $ to be able to register all of our results with the OFA which will help the Pug breed at large with stats for research and future generations of breeders. Your donation, even a small one, will help in our efforts. We, and the future of the pug breed, thank you for your support!
Donate to our Health Test Fund
$500.00
At Pickwick Pugs, we believe strongly in the importance of genetic health testing. The results of these tests are posted on the pugs' individual websites. We are raising $ to be able to register all of our results with the OFA which will help the Pug breed at large with stats for research and future generations of breeders. Your donation, even a small one, will help in our efforts. We, and the future of the pug breed, thank you for your support!
What is the OFA? The Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) was founded as a private, not-for-profit foundation in 1966 by John M. Olin, a well-known inventor, industrialist, philanthropist, conservationist, and sportsman.
OFA Objectives:
Funded Research
The OFA has funded nearly $3 million in research aimed at reducing the incidence and prevalence of inherited companion animal disease. Projects are funded through the AKC Canine Health Foundation (AKC CHF), the Morris Animal Foundation (MAF) and occasionally through direct grants.
OFA-supported research is not limited to orthopedic disease and has included cancers, heart disease, and thyroid disease, among others. Research projects vary as to breeds and diseases, and all are done at many of our leading universities and research institutions.
With the recent completion of the mapping of the canine genome, the OFA is focusing more of its research dollars towards research at the molecular level. For details regarding the research we’ve funded, view our Research History.
The OFA Databases and DNA Repository
The OFA databases are central to the organization’s objective of establishing control programs to lower the incidence of inherited disease. They serve all breeds of dogs and cats, and provide breeders a means to respond to the challenge of improving the genetic health of their breed through better breeding practices. The OFA databases are expanded as more tests become available.
The CHIC (Canine Health Information Center) database is a tool that collects health information on individual animals from multiple sources. This centralized pool of data is maintained to assist breeders in making more informed breeding choices, and for scientists in conducting research. The CHIC program is breed-specific. In order to be in this database, a dog must be CHIC Certified.
The CHIC DNA Repository collects and stores canine DNA samples along with corresponding genealogical and phenotypic information to facilitate future research and testing aimed at reducing the incidence of inherited disease in dogs
Olin was an avid sportsman, hunter, and field trial participant. When hip dysplasia began to impact the performance of Olin’s dogs, he organized an initial meeting with representatives of the veterinary community, the Golden Retriever Club of America, and the German Shepherd Dog Club of America to discuss means of limiting the disease. This ultimately led to the formation and incorporation of the OFA. Its initial mission: To provide radiographic evaluation, data management, and genetic counseling for canine hip dysplasia.
While the OFA continues to focus on hip dysplasia, today’s mission, “To improve the health and well-being of companion animals through a reduction in the incidence of genetic disease,” reflects the organization’s expansion into other inherited diseases and other companion animals such as cats.
The OFA created the Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) by partnering with participating parent clubs to research and maintain information on the health issues prevalent in specific breeds. We’ve established a recommended protocol for breed-specific health screenings. Dogs tested in accordance with that protocol are recognized with a CHIC number and certification.
At OFA, we recognize that the more information stored and accessible in these databases, the better it will be for every breed. And so we encourage all breeders to attain CHIC Certification if their breed participates in the CHIC program.
A dog achieves CHIC Certification if it has been screened for every disease recommended by the parent club for that breed and those results are publicly available in the database.
CHIC Program Goals
CHIC Program Benefits
The CHIC (Canine Health Information Center) Program offers benefits to breeders, buyers, parent clubs, and researchers.
For breeders, CHIC provides a reliable source of information regarding dogs they may use in their breeding programs. Breeders can analyze the pedigrees of a proposed breeding for health strengths and weaknesses as well as the traditional analysis of conformation, type, and performance strengths and weaknesses.
For buyers, the CHIC program provides accurate information about the results of a breeder’s health testing. For diseases that are limited to phenotypic evaluations, there are no guarantees. However, the probability that an animal will develop an inherited disease is reduced when its ancestry has tested normal. Further, as more DA tests become available and the results are entered, the OFA database will be able to establish whether progeny will be clear, carriers, or affected.
For parent clubs considering the establishment of health databases on their own, the CHIC Program provides the answer with no upfront investment required by the club. The CHIC infrastructure is supplied and maintained by the OFA. The data is maintained in a secure environment by trained staff. The services are not subject to the time, technology, and resource constraints that parent clubs might face on their own. This frees parent clubs to focus on their core strengths of identifying health concerns, educating their membership, and encouraging participation in the CHIC Program through the OFA.
For researchers, the OFA database, and specifically those dogs that have achieved CHIC Certification, provide confidential and accurate aggregate information on multiple generations of dogs. This information will also be useful for epidemiological studies enhancing our knowledge of health issues affecting all breeds of dogs.
For everyone interested in canine health issues, the OFA database, and specifically those dogs that have achieved CHIC Certification, are tools to monitor disease prevalence and measure progress.
CHIC Program Policies Breed-Specific
Core to the CHIC philosophy is the realization that each breed has different health concerns. Not all diseases have known modes of inheritance, nor do all diseases have screening tests. Some screening tests are based on a phenotypic evaluation, others on genetic testing. With all these variables, a key element of the CHIC Program is to customize or tailor the requirements to the needs of each breed. These unique requirements are established through input from the parent club prior to the breed’s entry into the CHIC Program.
Breed-specific requirements typically consist of the inherited diseases that are of the greatest concern and for which some screening tests are available. Each parent club also drives specific screening protocols. As an example, one parent club may allow cardiac exams to be performed by a general practitioner. Another parent club may require the exam to be performed by a board-certified cardiologist. A club may also use the CHIC Program to maintain information on other health issues for anecdotal purposes. Later, as screening tests become available, the disease may be added to the breed-specific requirements.
Permanent Identification
Regardless of breed, each dog must be permanently identified in order to have test results included in CHIC. Permanent identification may be in the form of a microchip or tattoo.
CHIC Numbers and Reports
A CHIC number is issued when test results are entered into the database satisfying each breed specific requirement, and when the owner of the dog has opted to release the results into the public domain. The CHIC number itself does not imply normal test results, only that all the required breed specific tests were performed and the results made publicly available.
A CHIC report is issued at the same time as the CHIC number. The CHIC report is a consolidated listing of the tests performed, the age of the dog when the tests were performed, and the corresponding test results. As new results are recorded, online CHIC information is updated.
Once included in the CHIC program, the breed-specific requirements are dynamic. As health priorities within a breed change, or as new screening tests become available, the breed-specific requirements can be modified to reflect the current environment. If the breed-specific requirements are modified, existing CHIC numbers are not revoked. Again, the CHIC number is issued to a dog that completed all required tests at a given point in time.
CHIC provides reports for both the parent club and other interested parties, listing specific dogs that have been issued CHIC numbers or had updates to their CHIC information.
CHIC Fee Structure
Test results from the OFA databases are shared automatically with the CHIC program. There is no additional fee nor additional forms to fill out for CHIC purposes once the results are registered with the OFA.
All regular OFA fees apply in order to register the results with the OFA before they are shared with the CHIC program.
OFA Objectives:
- To collate and disseminate information concerning orthopedic and genetic diseases of animals.
- To advise, encourage and establish control programs to lower the incidence of orthopedic and genetic diseases.
- To encourage and finance research in orthopedic and genetic disease in animals.
- To receive funds and make grants to carry out these objectives.
Funded Research
The OFA has funded nearly $3 million in research aimed at reducing the incidence and prevalence of inherited companion animal disease. Projects are funded through the AKC Canine Health Foundation (AKC CHF), the Morris Animal Foundation (MAF) and occasionally through direct grants.
OFA-supported research is not limited to orthopedic disease and has included cancers, heart disease, and thyroid disease, among others. Research projects vary as to breeds and diseases, and all are done at many of our leading universities and research institutions.
With the recent completion of the mapping of the canine genome, the OFA is focusing more of its research dollars towards research at the molecular level. For details regarding the research we’ve funded, view our Research History.
The OFA Databases and DNA Repository
The OFA databases are central to the organization’s objective of establishing control programs to lower the incidence of inherited disease. They serve all breeds of dogs and cats, and provide breeders a means to respond to the challenge of improving the genetic health of their breed through better breeding practices. The OFA databases are expanded as more tests become available.
The CHIC (Canine Health Information Center) database is a tool that collects health information on individual animals from multiple sources. This centralized pool of data is maintained to assist breeders in making more informed breeding choices, and for scientists in conducting research. The CHIC program is breed-specific. In order to be in this database, a dog must be CHIC Certified.
The CHIC DNA Repository collects and stores canine DNA samples along with corresponding genealogical and phenotypic information to facilitate future research and testing aimed at reducing the incidence of inherited disease in dogs
Olin was an avid sportsman, hunter, and field trial participant. When hip dysplasia began to impact the performance of Olin’s dogs, he organized an initial meeting with representatives of the veterinary community, the Golden Retriever Club of America, and the German Shepherd Dog Club of America to discuss means of limiting the disease. This ultimately led to the formation and incorporation of the OFA. Its initial mission: To provide radiographic evaluation, data management, and genetic counseling for canine hip dysplasia.
While the OFA continues to focus on hip dysplasia, today’s mission, “To improve the health and well-being of companion animals through a reduction in the incidence of genetic disease,” reflects the organization’s expansion into other inherited diseases and other companion animals such as cats.
The OFA created the Canine Health Information Center (CHIC) by partnering with participating parent clubs to research and maintain information on the health issues prevalent in specific breeds. We’ve established a recommended protocol for breed-specific health screenings. Dogs tested in accordance with that protocol are recognized with a CHIC number and certification.
At OFA, we recognize that the more information stored and accessible in these databases, the better it will be for every breed. And so we encourage all breeders to attain CHIC Certification if their breed participates in the CHIC program.
A dog achieves CHIC Certification if it has been screened for every disease recommended by the parent club for that breed and those results are publicly available in the database.
CHIC Program Goals
- To work with parent clubs in the identification of health issues for which a central information system should be established.
- To establish and maintain a central health information system in a manner that will support research into canine disease and provide health information to owners and breeders.
- To establish scientifically valid diagnostic criteria for the acceptance of information into the database.
- To base the availability of information on individually identified dogs at the consent of the owner.
CHIC Program Benefits
The CHIC (Canine Health Information Center) Program offers benefits to breeders, buyers, parent clubs, and researchers.
For breeders, CHIC provides a reliable source of information regarding dogs they may use in their breeding programs. Breeders can analyze the pedigrees of a proposed breeding for health strengths and weaknesses as well as the traditional analysis of conformation, type, and performance strengths and weaknesses.
For buyers, the CHIC program provides accurate information about the results of a breeder’s health testing. For diseases that are limited to phenotypic evaluations, there are no guarantees. However, the probability that an animal will develop an inherited disease is reduced when its ancestry has tested normal. Further, as more DA tests become available and the results are entered, the OFA database will be able to establish whether progeny will be clear, carriers, or affected.
For parent clubs considering the establishment of health databases on their own, the CHIC Program provides the answer with no upfront investment required by the club. The CHIC infrastructure is supplied and maintained by the OFA. The data is maintained in a secure environment by trained staff. The services are not subject to the time, technology, and resource constraints that parent clubs might face on their own. This frees parent clubs to focus on their core strengths of identifying health concerns, educating their membership, and encouraging participation in the CHIC Program through the OFA.
For researchers, the OFA database, and specifically those dogs that have achieved CHIC Certification, provide confidential and accurate aggregate information on multiple generations of dogs. This information will also be useful for epidemiological studies enhancing our knowledge of health issues affecting all breeds of dogs.
For everyone interested in canine health issues, the OFA database, and specifically those dogs that have achieved CHIC Certification, are tools to monitor disease prevalence and measure progress.
CHIC Program Policies Breed-Specific
Core to the CHIC philosophy is the realization that each breed has different health concerns. Not all diseases have known modes of inheritance, nor do all diseases have screening tests. Some screening tests are based on a phenotypic evaluation, others on genetic testing. With all these variables, a key element of the CHIC Program is to customize or tailor the requirements to the needs of each breed. These unique requirements are established through input from the parent club prior to the breed’s entry into the CHIC Program.
Breed-specific requirements typically consist of the inherited diseases that are of the greatest concern and for which some screening tests are available. Each parent club also drives specific screening protocols. As an example, one parent club may allow cardiac exams to be performed by a general practitioner. Another parent club may require the exam to be performed by a board-certified cardiologist. A club may also use the CHIC Program to maintain information on other health issues for anecdotal purposes. Later, as screening tests become available, the disease may be added to the breed-specific requirements.
Permanent Identification
Regardless of breed, each dog must be permanently identified in order to have test results included in CHIC. Permanent identification may be in the form of a microchip or tattoo.
CHIC Numbers and Reports
A CHIC number is issued when test results are entered into the database satisfying each breed specific requirement, and when the owner of the dog has opted to release the results into the public domain. The CHIC number itself does not imply normal test results, only that all the required breed specific tests were performed and the results made publicly available.
A CHIC report is issued at the same time as the CHIC number. The CHIC report is a consolidated listing of the tests performed, the age of the dog when the tests were performed, and the corresponding test results. As new results are recorded, online CHIC information is updated.
Once included in the CHIC program, the breed-specific requirements are dynamic. As health priorities within a breed change, or as new screening tests become available, the breed-specific requirements can be modified to reflect the current environment. If the breed-specific requirements are modified, existing CHIC numbers are not revoked. Again, the CHIC number is issued to a dog that completed all required tests at a given point in time.
CHIC provides reports for both the parent club and other interested parties, listing specific dogs that have been issued CHIC numbers or had updates to their CHIC information.
CHIC Fee Structure
Test results from the OFA databases are shared automatically with the CHIC program. There is no additional fee nor additional forms to fill out for CHIC purposes once the results are registered with the OFA.
All regular OFA fees apply in order to register the results with the OFA before they are shared with the CHIC program.
A few of the many health screening tests we have completed at Pickwick Pugs which we are raising money to pay for OFA fee to add to public records and obtain CHIC numbers:
