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Table of Contents for this Webpage:
| litterrecordnotebooke-bookfinalrevision.docx |
Before Breeding:
-Health Tests Completed
-Vaccinations - Vet Checkup Completed
-Championship (if pursuing with given bitch)
-Research - consultation with other breeders in pedigree
Bitch should not be overweight when breeding. Exercise daily through most of pregnancy - daily walks, optional treadmill. This is because adipose tissue can affect reproductive function and lead to issues with embryo development. Obesity in dogs is also a major complication when it comes to canine pregnancy. Fat can infiltrate the myometrium (a layer of the uterine wall) and reduce the force of uterine contractions. Another issue is that excess weight can make the physical nature of labor more difficult.
DIET: Nutritional deficiencies in the dam can cause congenital problems such as malformation, problems with the central nervous system and other pathologies in the puppies. Regular high quality until about 2 weeks before whelp date when switch to puppy food and add fatty foods (beaver, chicken backs etc.) Old wive’s tale regarding peas preventing pregnancy not scientifically proven and debunked by vets. HYDRATION is important (a good idea to invest in a water fountain). DO NOT FEED: Extra calcium (especially well into pregnancy) and lots of Vitamin A (liver, mackerel etc) as this can cause cleft palates and damage fetuses. ADD THE FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTS (beginning before cycle or at least by 1st blood & continue throughout pregnancy):
-Health Tests Completed
-Vaccinations - Vet Checkup Completed
-Championship (if pursuing with given bitch)
-Research - consultation with other breeders in pedigree
Bitch should not be overweight when breeding. Exercise daily through most of pregnancy - daily walks, optional treadmill. This is because adipose tissue can affect reproductive function and lead to issues with embryo development. Obesity in dogs is also a major complication when it comes to canine pregnancy. Fat can infiltrate the myometrium (a layer of the uterine wall) and reduce the force of uterine contractions. Another issue is that excess weight can make the physical nature of labor more difficult.
DIET: Nutritional deficiencies in the dam can cause congenital problems such as malformation, problems with the central nervous system and other pathologies in the puppies. Regular high quality until about 2 weeks before whelp date when switch to puppy food and add fatty foods (beaver, chicken backs etc.) Old wive’s tale regarding peas preventing pregnancy not scientifically proven and debunked by vets. HYDRATION is important (a good idea to invest in a water fountain). DO NOT FEED: Extra calcium (especially well into pregnancy) and lots of Vitamin A (liver, mackerel etc) as this can cause cleft palates and damage fetuses. ADD THE FOLLOWING SUPPLEMENTS (beginning before cycle or at least by 1st blood & continue throughout pregnancy):
- Probiotic
- Fish Oil (salmon)
- Folic Acid
- (In the past we have used Oxymate and then Oxymama to great success)
IMPORTANT DATES:
- 1st Blood
- Approx Ovulation Date (see progesterone info in yellow box below)
- Date(s) of Breeding(s) (AI or Tie?):
- Ultrasound date:
- X-ray date:
- 63 days from ovulation (whelp date)
- C-section(s)? scheduled?
Progesterone Testing:
Progesterone Levels: (Goal: Know the date of whelp before breeding. Progesterone testing (maybe up to 5 of them) beginning day 6/7 after 1st blood. (Day 1 = when see 1st blood)
2.2-3.77 ng/ml
Minimum of 1 day before
ovulation is expected
Estimated window for breeding is 3-5 days but could be longer
4.09-5.66 ng/ml
Ovulation is impending or has just occurred
Estimated window for breeding is 2-4 days
5.97-9.75 ng/ml
Ovulation recently occurred
Estimated window for breeding is 1-3 days
10.06-20.13 ng/ml
Ova/Eggs have matured. Optimal potential for fertility.
Estimated window for breeding is 0-2 days
20.44-28.40 ng/ml
Ova/Eggs have matured but aging, decreased potential for
fertility
Breed at once 0-1 days
Progesterone Levels: (Goal: Know the date of whelp before breeding. Progesterone testing (maybe up to 5 of them) beginning day 6/7 after 1st blood. (Day 1 = when see 1st blood)
2.2-3.77 ng/ml
Minimum of 1 day before
ovulation is expected
Estimated window for breeding is 3-5 days but could be longer
4.09-5.66 ng/ml
Ovulation is impending or has just occurred
Estimated window for breeding is 2-4 days
5.97-9.75 ng/ml
Ovulation recently occurred
Estimated window for breeding is 1-3 days
10.06-20.13 ng/ml
Ova/Eggs have matured. Optimal potential for fertility.
Estimated window for breeding is 0-2 days
20.44-28.40 ng/ml
Ova/Eggs have matured but aging, decreased potential for
fertility
Breed at once 0-1 days
SUPPLIES LISTS:
FOOD:
Equipment:
PACK EMERGENCY ROOM WHELPING KIT (even if you have a scheduled C-Section):
PACK FOR C-SECTION/VET TRIP:
- Notebook for Record Keeping
- Record Notebook Checklists
- Pen
- Syringe Bulbs
- Tube Feeding Equipment (correct size for breed)
- Benebac
- Oral-cal (2-3 tubes at least)
- Tums 750 mg
- Nutrical
- Diaper Rash Cream
- Vitamin Drops (Baby)
- Ice cube trays
- Mylacon Gas Drops
- Saline (for nebulizer)
- Distilled Water (for humidifier)
- Surgilube
- Q-tips
- Cotton balls
- Baby Wipes
- Neosporin
- Vaseline
- Alcohol wipes
- Betadine Packets
- Bottle of Alcohol or Betadine (to soak hemostats/scissors in etc.)
- Jar to use to soak “ “
- Non-Waxed Dental Floss
- Hemostats (including small one for dew claws)
- Exfoliating Gloves
- Washcloths (a lot – you’ll go through these cleaning the puppies – sterilize)
- K-Y Gel
- Adaptil Collar for Dam; Adaptil Plug-In Diffuser
- Thermal Hand Warmers
- Small Fingernail Clippers
- Scissors (small to cut umbilical cords)
- Lenny Pads, Mini Fleece Blankets
- Large Whelping Box Quilts or Blanket (for floor at vet, and whelping box)
- Teddy Bear and Plush Toys (ones with heartbeats and heat packets)
- Batteries (for heartbeats for Teddy Bear, Electric Toothbrush, Flashlight etc.)
- Disposable Rubber Gloves
- Portable Oxygen Cans
- Clorox Wipes
FOOD:
- Beef/Calf Liver
- Goat Milk (Meyers/Canned; Raw ??)
- Beef Liver Water (freeze ahead of time in ice cube trays)
- Chicken (baked for dam)
- Special treats and food for dam
- Fatty foods toward end of pregnancy for dam (beaver, chicken backs etc.)
- Chicken Broth (freeze ahead of time)
- Egg Noodles
- Potatoes to Bake with Chicken
- Ricotta Cheese
- String Cheese
- Probiotic Greek Gods Honey Vanilla Yogurt
- Dark Beer (like Guiness)
- Vanilla Pudding Mix (cooked NOT instant)
- Sugar
- Evaporated milk
- Egg yolks
Equipment:
- Heating pads (electric and microwavable)
- Incubator (Puppy Warmer)
- Oxygenator
- Heating Pads
- Heat lamp (though we prefer heating pads)
- Electric Toothbrush
- Nebulizer
- Humidifier (cool mister is best so room does not get too hot)
- Flashlight
- Digital Thermometer(s)
- Stethoscope
- OccoMama Nasal Aspirator
- (optional): Water Fountain for Dam
- Rabbit Water Feeders for Whelping Box
- Puppy Saucer Bowls
- Toys for Whelping Box (Big Soft Plush Toys; mini tunnel, Textures)
- Toys for Weaning Pen (Busy Box, Tunnels, Teeter Totter, Mini Ramps, Robot Toys, Piano Mat etc.)
- Equipment/Supplies for Puppy Temperament Evaluations
- Supplies for 6 Week Puppy Party
- Camera for photos (or smart phone)
- Small DVD Player (for puppy pen)
PACK EMERGENCY ROOM WHELPING KIT (even if you have a scheduled C-Section):
- Extra heating pad(s) (electric, and microwavable)
- Blanket/Quilt (to sit on floor)
- Small baby blankets (to cover puppy nursing, roll up for nursing)
- Syringe Bulbs
- Baby Wipes
- Water Bottles
- Oral Cal Tube
- Alcohol Wipes
- Betadine
- Oxygen Cans
- Flashlight
- Rubber Gloves
- Heat Packets
- Rags
- Paper Towels
- KY Gel
- Hemostats
- Bandage Scissors
- Scissors
- Phone Charger
- Rubber Gloves (bring extras - you can fill with hot water to create heating pads)
- Dental Floss
- Extras (?): Teddy bear with heartbeat etc.
- Thermometer
- ?extra stethoscope
PACK FOR C-SECTION/VET TRIP:
- Sherpa travel bag (or a clear, plastic bin)
- Heating Pad (plug-in prior and then once arrive at vet)
- Microwavable heating pad
- Blanket/Quilt (to sit on floor)
- Heating packets
- Extra syringe bulbs
- Fingernail polish to mark puppies
- Cloths
- Teddy Bear (with heating pads and heartbeat)
- Puppy Formula (in case need to tube feed … but avoid this if possible – need colostrum)
- Crate in Car with CLEAN blankets/beds for dam
Days 1-4: Pregnancy starts when the dog ovulates which is called the date of whelping. Dog sperm will reach an ovum on day 4 (48-73 hours). For the first 3 weeks or so of pregnancy you may not notice any symptoms. Bitch may become more affectionate, and she may begin to eat more than usual. Her nipples may enlarge slightly.
(Images annotated 'Bitch 1' were done as an example of how the fetus develop from around
Day 16, which is far too early to confirm pregnancy, and the difference in just a few days)
Day 1
On the first day of mating, dependent on the size, the average male/stud releases around 500 million sperm -
they can produce up to 10 million sperm per pound of bodyweight.
The sperm travels through the cervix to the fallopian tubes, which takes between 45 minutes - 3 hours, here the sperm ripens, which takes around 5 - 10 hours.
Day 2
The sperm look for an egg to fertilize. If the bitch has not ovulated, “normal” dog semen lives another 3-to-7 days in the bitch,
the better the semen quality, the more leeway there is in ovulation timing.
Day 3
The bitch and male are ready for a second mating
Day 4
By day 4 the first lot of eggs will be fertilized.
In the first trimester you do not need to change anything with the bitch, she can have her usual exercise and food, and normal exercise.
Day 16, which is far too early to confirm pregnancy, and the difference in just a few days)
Day 1
On the first day of mating, dependent on the size, the average male/stud releases around 500 million sperm -
they can produce up to 10 million sperm per pound of bodyweight.
The sperm travels through the cervix to the fallopian tubes, which takes between 45 minutes - 3 hours, here the sperm ripens, which takes around 5 - 10 hours.
Day 2
The sperm look for an egg to fertilize. If the bitch has not ovulated, “normal” dog semen lives another 3-to-7 days in the bitch,
the better the semen quality, the more leeway there is in ovulation timing.
Day 3
The bitch and male are ready for a second mating
Day 4
By day 4 the first lot of eggs will be fertilized.
In the first trimester you do not need to change anything with the bitch, she can have her usual exercise and food, and normal exercise.
Day 7 - Embryos will move to the uterine horns
Day 5 - 11
Fertilized eggs will make their way down the fallopian tubes into the uterine horns.
During the second week of pregnancy, the cells which will develop into your puppies begin to grow and separate,
and the tiny new embryos descend into the uterus for the remainder of the period of gestation. Your dog should still be fed and exercised normally during this time.
Day 12 - 13
Embryos move around in the fluid filled uterus looking for a suitable place to nest. They measure around 0.5 - 0.8mm.
Day 14
The embryo migrates in the womb and individual embryos are diffused in uterine corners where later the nesting into the uterine wall begins.
They will receive the vital nutrients and life support which the bitch's body provides during their time in the womb. The foetuses are under a centimetre long at this stage.
Continue to feed and exercise normally, but begin to monitor your bitch for increased appetite and provide for her developing needs accordingly.
Do not make any sudden or unnecessary changes to the content of her diet.
Day 15
During the next two weeks, the internal organs of the embryo will develop and you need to take extra care of your bitch.
Do not use any flea treatment or worming products during this period of gestation.
The bitch will be very sensitive to any changes in her normal routine, food, exercise, etc.
Any changes can disrupt the development of the embryo and until day 39, can still be re absorbed.
Day 16
You may notice a change to the dogs nipples, they may become pink and enlarged.
The embryo will measure just over 1mm.
Day 16 - Dog embryos embed in the uterus lining
Ultrasound image - arrows pointing to possible fetal sacs
Day 17
Embryos are nesting and the nervous system begins to develop, followed by the head and body.
Day 18
By day 18, the placenta begins to develop along with the nervous system. Size of embryo is about 2 - 3mm
Day 17
Embryos are nesting and the nervous system begins to develop, followed by the head and body.
Day 18
By day 18, the placenta begins to develop along with the nervous system. Size of embryo is about 2 - 3mm
Ultrasound image again pointing to possible fetal sacs. It is too early to give
a definite pregnancy confirmation and further images of the same bitch will be posted to this
article as pregnancy progresses.
Day 19
a definite pregnancy confirmation and further images of the same bitch will be posted to this
article as pregnancy progresses.
Day 19
A very early scan on my own bitch, 19 days from ovulation
Development of the internal organs
Day 20
You may notice a slight discharge from your bitch at this stage which comes from around the placenta.
Day 21
The placenta is formed, the fetus is around 5 - 8mm
Day 22
Development of the internal organs
Day 20
You may notice a slight discharge from your bitch at this stage which comes from around the placenta.
Day 21
The placenta is formed, the fetus is around 5 - 8mm
Day 22
Day 22 - Dog fetus begins to take shape. Manual palpitation, touching from outside the body, BY EXPERIENCED VET is possible now.
The bitch may have morning sickness and loss of appetite, together with morning sickness as a result of hormonal changes and tension in the womb.
Divide food into smaller portions, she may also have a clear vaginal discharge
Day 23
Divide food into smaller portions, she may also have a clear vaginal discharge
Day 23
The fetus starts to develop eyes, ears, nose, jaw and liver.
2 Scans of bitch day 23 (because of previous pregnancy problems):
Scan of same (above) bitch 7 days later, at 30 days gestation.
The eyes and spine of the fetuses begin to develop, and their faces begin to take shape. The fetuses grow to around 1.5 centimetres long during week four.
Your bitch's teats may begin to swell at this stage, and she may have a thin, clear discharge from the vagina.
Day 24
Your bitch's teats may begin to swell at this stage, and she may have a thin, clear discharge from the vagina.
Day 24
Due to the rapid development of all major organs, the actual fetal growth is slow.
Another Day 24 ultrasound image:
Another Day 24 ultrasound image:
Day 25 - 27
Day 28-30: Ultrasound or Relaxin Blood Test (Ultrasound is best); Testing for the hormone relaxin which is produced when the fertilized egg implants. With small litters (less than 3 puppies) false negative results may occur, hence Ultrasound is more reliable.
Day 28 - The ideal period for ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy because the embryos are walnut size and it is easy to count them.
There is ossification of the jaw and the skull of the fetus. The shape of the fetus changes originally from ovoid shape to spherical. Size is about 17 - 25 mm.
Day 28 - The ideal period for ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy because the embryos are walnut size and it is easy to count them.
There is ossification of the jaw and the skull of the fetus. The shape of the fetus changes originally from ovoid shape to spherical. Size is about 17 - 25 mm.
The fetus begin to develop teeth, spine and limbs. Size is 14 - 20 mm.
Day 28
Day 28
The ideal period for ultrasound diagnosis of pregnancy because the embryos are walnut size and it is easy to count them.
There is ossification of the jaw and the skull of the fetus. The shape of the fetus changes originally from ovoid shape to spherical. Size is about 17 - 25 mm.
There is ossification of the jaw and the skull of the fetus. The shape of the fetus changes originally from ovoid shape to spherical. Size is about 17 - 25 mm.
At the end of 1 month (4-5 weeks into pregnancy), a clear mucus vaginal discharge may be noticed. This will continue until your dog gives birth. The vulva will remain swollen. Teats become enlarged, particularly at the nipple base. They also become pinker. Less physical activity (though continue normal exercise and nutrition). Bitch may have what is described as morning sickness. SEE A VET IF YOU NOTICE A LACK OF APPETITE ACCOMPANIED BY LETHARGY
The fourth week of fetal development is considered to be one of the most formative stages of the pregnancy, when the growing puppies are most vulnerable to damage and developing defects. At this stage of development, begin to limit rough play and particularly strenuous exercise in your dog.
Counting #'s of pups:
COUNTING BY NUMBERS
Please note that any indication of numbers is an estimate as re absorption can occur and not all fetuses may be seen. It is very easy for one puppy to be obscured by another. Ultrasound is 'real time' imaging, the bitch is moving, the puppies are moving and the transducer is moving. Knowing which sac you have already seen and counted is extremely difficult, and with large litters, impossible!
There is always some one who knows a scanning technician who never gets the numbers wrong. However, this is purely guess work based on knowing the breed, the bitch and other bits of history they can glean from you on the bitch and although they have a crystal ball, they do get it wrong.
Most experienced scanners are happy to give you a number range. Particularly when scanning around the 30 day mark, where the sacs are smaller and it is easier to discern one from the next. We are usually comfortable in telling you that you can expect “more than 3” or “between 4-6,” for example. It’s important to realize that even this is not a fool-proof estimate as in the early stages, it’s perfectly normal for a bitch to reabsorb, so that all the puppies seen at the first scan may not continue to progress.
Calcification of fetal bones is around day 45, but can sometimes be seen earlier. Some bitches prefer to stand, some will lie down on their side, and some will oblige by rolling over, each bitch is individual. The further along the pregnancy the better the images, but the less likely you can see more than one or two puppies at any one time due to the size of the fetus.
Please note that any indication of numbers is an estimate as re absorption can occur and not all fetuses may be seen. It is very easy for one puppy to be obscured by another. Ultrasound is 'real time' imaging, the bitch is moving, the puppies are moving and the transducer is moving. Knowing which sac you have already seen and counted is extremely difficult, and with large litters, impossible!
There is always some one who knows a scanning technician who never gets the numbers wrong. However, this is purely guess work based on knowing the breed, the bitch and other bits of history they can glean from you on the bitch and although they have a crystal ball, they do get it wrong.
Most experienced scanners are happy to give you a number range. Particularly when scanning around the 30 day mark, where the sacs are smaller and it is easier to discern one from the next. We are usually comfortable in telling you that you can expect “more than 3” or “between 4-6,” for example. It’s important to realize that even this is not a fool-proof estimate as in the early stages, it’s perfectly normal for a bitch to reabsorb, so that all the puppies seen at the first scan may not continue to progress.
Calcification of fetal bones is around day 45, but can sometimes be seen earlier. Some bitches prefer to stand, some will lie down on their side, and some will oblige by rolling over, each bitch is individual. The further along the pregnancy the better the images, but the less likely you can see more than one or two puppies at any one time due to the size of the fetus.
-
Day 29
Above is a typical 29 day ultrasound scan - this one was a singleton puppy. One reason an ultrasound is recommended to give an estimation on numbers, is because singleton puppy's have a lot against them. They grow larger, like a fish that grows to the size of its bowl, and become harder for the bitch to get out. Sometimes one puppy is not enough to provide the hormones to make the dam go into natural labor. Forewarned is forearmed, know what you are dealing with, and if you have a singleton pregnancy, discuss options with your vet.
Your bitch may become greedy at this stage, you may want to start to increase food rations, but don't overfeed, excessive weight gain should be avoided.
Day 30
Below is an image of the uterine horns at 30 days gestation with 10 embryos.
Complete ossification of the jaw and skull. Size of the embryo is about 2 - 3cm.
Your bitch may become greedy at this stage, you may want to start to increase food rations, but don't overfeed, excessive weight gain should be avoided.
Day 30
Below is an image of the uterine horns at 30 days gestation with 10 embryos.
Complete ossification of the jaw and skull. Size of the embryo is about 2 - 3cm.
Month 2 – Around Day 30-35
You may be able to feel the puppies by touching her belly. You may notice clear, odorless discharge from the vagina. If discharge has a COLOR or an ODOR, consult the vet. Changes in bitch: Weight increases about 20-55%; appetite changes with an increase; increase in urination frequency; behavioral change
You may be able to feel the puppies by touching her belly. You may notice clear, odorless discharge from the vagina. If discharge has a COLOR or an ODOR, consult the vet. Changes in bitch: Weight increases about 20-55%; appetite changes with an increase; increase in urination frequency; behavioral change
Day 31
The growth of sensory hairs on the chin, eyebrows and nose.
Day 32 - The embryo takes shape with the eyelids taking on a distinct shape.
Day 32
In mid-gestation embryo reaches approximately 20% of its size at birth.
Day 33
There is a growth of fingers, the ossification of the nose, ribs and leg bones.
Completion of the development of all major organs. Size of about 27 - 30mm.
Day 34
In mid-gestation embryo reaches approximately 20% of its size at birth.
Day 33
There is a growth of fingers, the ossification of the nose, ribs and leg bones.
Completion of the development of all major organs. Size of about 27 - 30mm.
Day 34
Above 34 day scan clearly showing fetal sacs
Female starts to change behavior, she may be quieter and more sensitive.
Her abdomen and external genitalia begin to slightly increase.
It is around this time up to 39 days that fetus can be re absorbed.
Female starts to change behavior, she may be quieter and more sensitive.
Her abdomen and external genitalia begin to slightly increase.
It is around this time up to 39 days that fetus can be re absorbed.
Day 35 - Toes become visible. Provide more food to meet increase in appetite. Do not overfeed.
Below - a 35 day scan performed on a bitch who was referred to the vet
she had a very nasty uterus infection (pyometra), which could have been fatal if not treated
Below - a 35 day scan performed on a bitch who was referred to the vet
she had a very nasty uterus infection (pyometra), which could have been fatal if not treated
The above ultrasound image shows crystals in the bitch's bladder
There are many types of bladder stones, and each tends to form in a specific breed or species under specific conditions.
85% of patients with struvite bladder stones are female.
Breeds felt to have an increased risk for the formation of struvite stones are the Miniature Schnauzer, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire terrier, Labrador retriever, and Dachshund.
The average age of patients with struvite bladder stones is 2.9 years.
Fetus will have developed all major organs. Size average around 35mm.
Female starts to have an increased appetite and you can increase the amount by 10%.
Rations should be divided into 2 to 3 times a day.
Day 36
Ends period of slow growth of body of the fetus. The fetus start rapidly grow.
It starts with developing reproductive system, continues skeletal ossification and scapula.
Day 37
Begins stage the fastest growth of the fetus.
Day 38
The uterus starts to expand and you will see an increase in volume in the area of the last ribs. You may also detect a slight enlargement of the mammary glands.
Day 39
Growth of fetus is accelerated, skeletal ossification continues.
There are many types of bladder stones, and each tends to form in a specific breed or species under specific conditions.
85% of patients with struvite bladder stones are female.
Breeds felt to have an increased risk for the formation of struvite stones are the Miniature Schnauzer, Shih Tzu, Yorkshire terrier, Labrador retriever, and Dachshund.
The average age of patients with struvite bladder stones is 2.9 years.
Fetus will have developed all major organs. Size average around 35mm.
Female starts to have an increased appetite and you can increase the amount by 10%.
Rations should be divided into 2 to 3 times a day.
Day 36
Ends period of slow growth of body of the fetus. The fetus start rapidly grow.
It starts with developing reproductive system, continues skeletal ossification and scapula.
Day 37
Begins stage the fastest growth of the fetus.
Day 38
The uterus starts to expand and you will see an increase in volume in the area of the last ribs. You may also detect a slight enlargement of the mammary glands.
Day 39
Growth of fetus is accelerated, skeletal ossification continues.
Day 40
On the head of the fetus begin to appear the first signs of hair. Eyes are closed. The size of about 65 - 70mm. Day 40
Claws take shape
Day 41-43
The embryo is now about 30% of its total size at birth. Ossification of the spine and fingers.
Foetuses develop their sex organs at the start of week five. Finally, they look like little puppies.
If an ultrasound is done, you can easily see leg buds and toes, but don’t expect to know whether they are boys or girls.
On the head of the fetus begin to appear the first signs of hair. Eyes are closed. The size of about 65 - 70mm. Day 40
Claws take shape
Day 41-43
The embryo is now about 30% of its total size at birth. Ossification of the spine and fingers.
Foetuses develop their sex organs at the start of week five. Finally, they look like little puppies.
If an ultrasound is done, you can easily see leg buds and toes, but don’t expect to know whether they are boys or girls.
Day 44
It's very easy now to feel the puppies, counting them might be a bit more difficult. It is recommended to feed
3 to 5 times a day in smaller doses and increase the total amount of 15-20%. In this period we can not let the female do strenuous movements or jumping.
They will now start to grow fur, and as puppies continue to grow, the next step is pigmentation. Then, they form eyelids.
It's very easy now to feel the puppies, counting them might be a bit more difficult. It is recommended to feed
3 to 5 times a day in smaller doses and increase the total amount of 15-20%. In this period we can not let the female do strenuous movements or jumping.
They will now start to grow fur, and as puppies continue to grow, the next step is pigmentation. Then, they form eyelids.
Day 45 - Coat and skeleton start to form. Vets recommend that the female gets wormed at this point to avoid passing parasites onto the litter. You will see enlarged and firm abdomen around days 45-50. You will see a decrease in appetite. Offer small meals throughout the day.
Day 45 - 47
Above 46 day scan - singleton puppy
Ossification of pelvis and embryo grows a covering of fur.
Day 48
The female starts to be visibly larger. At this stage, female may lose her appetite.
Embryo pushes the internal organs of female, most in the digestive tract.
Ossification of pelvis and embryo grows a covering of fur.
Day 48
The female starts to be visibly larger. At this stage, female may lose her appetite.
Embryo pushes the internal organs of female, most in the digestive tract.
Day 49 - Prepare whelping box
Day 49
Now the puppies are well developed and begin to reach the necessary size for birth.
If you were still wondering when you’ll be able to feel puppies move in a pregnant dog, now is the time.
If you are patient, you can even see the puppies’ movement in your dog’s abdomen.
Your bitch will begin shedding the hair on her belly in preparation for the birth- this is totally normal and no cause for alarm!
The embryos will continue to grow and develop, and now look almost completely fully formed.
Fetuses reach 75% of the size at birth.
Now the puppies are well developed and begin to reach the necessary size for birth.
If you were still wondering when you’ll be able to feel puppies move in a pregnant dog, now is the time.
If you are patient, you can even see the puppies’ movement in your dog’s abdomen.
Your bitch will begin shedding the hair on her belly in preparation for the birth- this is totally normal and no cause for alarm!
The embryos will continue to grow and develop, and now look almost completely fully formed.
Fetuses reach 75% of the size at birth.
Towards the end of the seventh week, do not add any additional calcium rich foods to the diet.
Dietary supplements, milk, vitamins and minerals are generally not recommended if a high-quality growth/lactation diet is fed.
Feeding excessive amounts of calcium or vitamin D can cause calcification of the soft tissues of the embryo, as well as other birth defects.
Although lactation requires large amounts of calcium, supplementation during pregnancy does not prevent calcium depletion during lactation (eclampsia) and may actually compound the problem.
Dietary supplements, milk, vitamins and minerals are generally not recommended if a high-quality growth/lactation diet is fed.
Feeding excessive amounts of calcium or vitamin D can cause calcification of the soft tissues of the embryo, as well as other birth defects.
Although lactation requires large amounts of calcium, supplementation during pregnancy does not prevent calcium depletion during lactation (eclampsia) and may actually compound the problem.
Day 51 - Make up a batch of chicken and noodles and freeze in 2 cup measurements in ziplock freezer bags (for bitch to eat later); Make LIVER WATER (Freeze in ice cube trays)
Day 50 - 53
Organs are already well developed. Belly is crowded with puppies and you may see sporadic movement. Day 50
Spot puppy movement in the belly. The bitch may lose her appetite, but you should feed regularly in small portions. The total daily feed should be increased by 50%.
Day 54
The bitch will spend a lot of time resting preparing for birth as the last of the internal organs develop.
Day 55
The body of the embryo is covered with fur, but the fur on the feet is less visible.
Claws are already developed. Starts pigmentation of skin. Size of fetus is 145 mm.
Organs are already well developed. Belly is crowded with puppies and you may see sporadic movement. Day 50
Spot puppy movement in the belly. The bitch may lose her appetite, but you should feed regularly in small portions. The total daily feed should be increased by 50%.
Day 54
The bitch will spend a lot of time resting preparing for birth as the last of the internal organs develop.
Day 55
The body of the embryo is covered with fur, but the fur on the feet is less visible.
Claws are already developed. Starts pigmentation of skin. Size of fetus is 145 mm.
(Day 57 – approximately 1 week before)
Bitch’s waist will trim as puppies move into position for birth canal. This indicates birth is approximately 7 days away.
Give plenty of water (avoid dehydration – buy a doggie water fountain ideally – Braxton Hicks is very common at the end) – Make sure the house is not too warm
Pack Emergency Room Whelping Kit (Ideally, complete supply of all equipment which is a 2nd, separate set from nursery equipment. We have a suitcase which stays packed and ready to go).
If planned C-Section, pack sherpa bag or puppy box. (see lists next pages)
BEGIN TAKING DAM’S TEMPERATURE several times each day. Record in chart in notebook.
Bitch’s waist will trim as puppies move into position for birth canal. This indicates birth is approximately 7 days away.
- Plug in Adaptil
- Put adaptil collar on dam
- Begin taking temp
- Make sure house is not too warm
- Make puppy formula (Myra’s Formula) and Freeze
- Make mother’s pudding
- Cook chicken dish with egg noodles, pasta, potatoes etc.
- Freeze chicken broth in ice cube trays
- Freeze liver water in ice cube trays
Give plenty of water (avoid dehydration – buy a doggie water fountain ideally – Braxton Hicks is very common at the end) – Make sure the house is not too warm
Pack Emergency Room Whelping Kit (Ideally, complete supply of all equipment which is a 2nd, separate set from nursery equipment. We have a suitcase which stays packed and ready to go).
If planned C-Section, pack sherpa bag or puppy box. (see lists next pages)
BEGIN TAKING DAM’S TEMPERATURE several times each day. Record in chart in notebook.
(Normal temp is 101 F. Change to 97/98 or sudden drop means birth within 12-24 hours.) Consult vet if temp is higher as it could indicate an infection. Beth Ballard: “The bitch’s hormones are doing what they do and bitch is getting toward the end so she’s uncomfortable and easily too warm because she has several warm bodies in her tummy too.”
Start cool mist humidifier in puppy room; warm heating pads, get water loaded into nebulizer/oxygenator; check batteries for flashlight; plug-in adaptil; spray bedding and crate with adaptil before going to vet. Cover whelping box with light blanket (clamp on edges). Double check that everything is working.
Start cool mist humidifier in puppy room; warm heating pads, get water loaded into nebulizer/oxygenator; check batteries for flashlight; plug-in adaptil; spray bedding and crate with adaptil before going to vet. Cover whelping box with light blanket (clamp on edges). Double check that everything is working.
Day 56
Starts calcification of teeth.
Day 57
Movements of embryos are more pronounced. Significantly swollen mammary glands.
Day 58
Day 58 is considered full term (although Phyllis Williams and other breeders warn that a C-section just 1 day too early can result in serious birth defects).
The puppies have developed lungs and from this stage the puppy is viable if born.
Avoid any rough and tumble play or stimulation which might lead to the onset of early labour, as ideally your pups should spend another week in the womb.
Your bitch will probably begin 'nesting' at this stage, and you may even be able to see and feel the puppies moving within her tummy when she's lying down.
Month 3 - You may see milk (colostrum) when pressure is applied to the nipples. Towards the end of week eight, your bitch will start producing colostrum, the forerunner to her nutrient- rich milk, and then the milk itself. Continue to feed as much as your bitch will eat and prepare for the birth!
Day 59
Day 59 - Bitch will look for a nesting area to give birth. Spend time with her in whelping area.
The abdomen of the bitch will become loose, uterus decreases and body of female is preparing for birth.
It is time to be prepared, and to have everything at hand.
The female may start to give birth any day now.
You need to start measuring and recording body temperature in the rectum of the female each morning and evening.
Day 60 - 65
Shortly before birth (12-24h) most bitches refuse to eat normally
and there is a decrease in body temperature from 38-39 °C to 36.5-37.5 °C. (1-2 °C)
Previous hormonal changes lead to the induce of uterine contractions, which subsequently causes abdominal contractions (contractions),
and starts gradually exclusion of fetus. The progress of the delivery can be for each female very different.
Starts calcification of teeth.
Day 57
Movements of embryos are more pronounced. Significantly swollen mammary glands.
Day 58
Day 58 is considered full term (although Phyllis Williams and other breeders warn that a C-section just 1 day too early can result in serious birth defects).
The puppies have developed lungs and from this stage the puppy is viable if born.
Avoid any rough and tumble play or stimulation which might lead to the onset of early labour, as ideally your pups should spend another week in the womb.
Your bitch will probably begin 'nesting' at this stage, and you may even be able to see and feel the puppies moving within her tummy when she's lying down.
Month 3 - You may see milk (colostrum) when pressure is applied to the nipples. Towards the end of week eight, your bitch will start producing colostrum, the forerunner to her nutrient- rich milk, and then the milk itself. Continue to feed as much as your bitch will eat and prepare for the birth!
Day 59
Day 59 - Bitch will look for a nesting area to give birth. Spend time with her in whelping area.
The abdomen of the bitch will become loose, uterus decreases and body of female is preparing for birth.
It is time to be prepared, and to have everything at hand.
The female may start to give birth any day now.
You need to start measuring and recording body temperature in the rectum of the female each morning and evening.
Day 60 - 65
Shortly before birth (12-24h) most bitches refuse to eat normally
and there is a decrease in body temperature from 38-39 °C to 36.5-37.5 °C. (1-2 °C)
Previous hormonal changes lead to the induce of uterine contractions, which subsequently causes abdominal contractions (contractions),
and starts gradually exclusion of fetus. The progress of the delivery can be for each female very different.
Day 60 - X-ray (Not recommended to do earlier, could harm developing fetus - Vet said this is not true. Not sure where I read this ... think the Avid Dog breeding course).
X-ray (Radiograph) to determine:
• Number of puppies (count spines)
• Sizes of puppies (measure head and birth canal – make sure they can fit through the birth canal)
• Positions (If considering free whelp – look at how pups are lined-up, head size etc.)
• Compare the puppy bone brightness with the mother’s rib bone brightness.
X-ray (Radiograph) to determine:
• Number of puppies (count spines)
• Sizes of puppies (measure head and birth canal – make sure they can fit through the birth canal)
• Positions (If considering free whelp – look at how pups are lined-up, head size etc.)
• Compare the puppy bone brightness with the mother’s rib bone brightness.
After the birth
Make sure each puppy gets some of the bitch’s colostrum (first milk) within first 24 hours.
Vaginal discharge should be reddish to reddish-brown (green is okay on first day). If you see black discharge, contact your vet asap.
Within 5-6 hours of last puppy’s birth, you can have an ultrasound to ensure the bitch asn't any retained puppies or placentas.
You should also check each puppy for cleft palates as they may not survive unless they are tube fed.
Make sure each puppy gets some of the bitch’s colostrum (first milk) within first 24 hours.
Vaginal discharge should be reddish to reddish-brown (green is okay on first day). If you see black discharge, contact your vet asap.
Within 5-6 hours of last puppy’s birth, you can have an ultrasound to ensure the bitch asn't any retained puppies or placentas.
You should also check each puppy for cleft palates as they may not survive unless they are tube fed.
